Ansiedad y depresión en adolescentes con familias integradas y desintegradas de Lima Centro

El presente trabajo de tesis titulado: Ansiedad y depresión en adolescentes con familias integradas y desintegradas de Lima Centro, es un análisis no experimental descriptivo, correlacional, el cual buscó analizar y descubrir la posible concordancia que existe en ansiedad y depresión durante la adolescencia de Lima Centro, a los que se aplicó la tarjeta con antecedentes socio-demográficos, cuestionario de depresión de Kovacs (CDI) e inventarios de ansiedad estado-rasgo (STAIC), para medir la ansiedad en sus dos dimensiones (rasgos y estado) y la depresión, a una muestra de 253 alumnos cuyas edades fluctúan entre los entre 15 y 16 años de 2 Instituciones Educativas PNP de Lima Centro. En relación a los resultados obtenidos se puede observar que existe correlación positiva y significativa entre la ansiedad de los adolescentes según familias integradas y desintegradas (r = 0.000). Asimismo, se encontró correlación significativa entre la depresión y los adolescentes según familias integradas y desintegradas (r = 0.000). Por otro lado, depresión y ansiedad e n a d o l e s c e n t e de familias integradas es menor al de adolescente de familia desintegrada de las instituciones educativas PNP - Lima Centro, a un nivel de confianza del 95%

Monitoring and modeling of household air quality related to use of different Cookfuels in Paraguay.

In Paraguay, 49% of the population depends on biomass (wood and charcoal) for cooking. Residential biomass burning is a major source of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) in and around the household environment. In July 2016, cross-sectional household air pollution sampling was conducted in 80 households in rural Paraguay. Time-integrated samples (24 hours) of PM2.5 and continuous CO concentrations were measured in kitchens that used wood, charcoal, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), or electricity to cook. Qualitative and quantitative household-level variables were captured using questionnaires. The average PM2.5 concentration (μg/m3 ) was higher in kitchens that burned wood (741.7 ± 546.4) and charcoal (107.0 ± 68.6) than in kitchens where LPG (52.3 ± 18.9) or electricity (52.0 ± 14.8) was used. Likewise, the average CO concentration (ppm) was higher in kitchens that used wood (19.4 ± 12.6) and charcoal (7.6 ± 6.5) than in those that used LPG (0.5 ± 0.6) or electricity (0.4 ± 0.6). Multivariable linear regression was conducted to generate predictive models for indoor PM2.5 and CO concentrations (predicted R2  = 0.837 and 0.822, respectively). This study provides baseline indoor air quality data for Paraguay and presents a multivariate statistical approach that could be used in future research and intervention programs

Compound climate-pollution extremes in Santiago de Chile

Cities in the global south face dire climate impacts. It is in socioeconomically marginalized urban communities of the global south that the effects of climate change are felt most deeply. Santiago de Chile, a major mid-latitude Andean city of 7.7 million inhabitants, is already undergoing the so-called “climate penalty” as rising temperatures worsen the effects of endemic ground-level ozone pollution. As many cities in the global south, Santiago is highly segregated along socioeconomic lines, which offers an opportunity for studying the effects of concurrent heatwaves and ozone episodes on distinct zones of affluence and deprivation. Here, we combine existing datasets of social indicators and climate-sensitive health risks with weather and air quality observations to study the response to compound heat-ozone extremes of different socioeconomic strata. Attributable to spatial variations in the ground-level ozone burden (heavier for wealthy communities), we found that the mortality response to extreme heat (and the associated further ozone pollution) is stronger in affluent dwellers, regardless of comorbidities and lack of access to health care affecting disadvantaged population. These unexpected findings underline the need of a site-specific hazard assessment and a community-based risk management.</p

Implementation of synthetic fast-ion loss detector and imaging heavy ion beam probe diagnostics in the 3D hybrid kinetic-MHD code MEGA

A synthetic fast-ion loss (FIL) detector and an imaging Heavy Ion Beam Probe (i-HIBP) have been implemented in the 3D hybrid kinetic-magnetohydrodynamic code MEGA. First synthetic measurements from these two diagnostics have been obtained for neutral beam injection-driven Alfvén Eigenmode (AE) simulated with MEGA. The synthetic FILs show a strong correlation with the AE amplitude. This correlation is observed in the phase-space, represented in coordinates (P, E), being toroidal canonical momentum and energy, respectively. FILs and the energy exchange diagrams of the confined population are connected with lines of constant E, a linear combination of E and P. First i-HIBP synthetic signals also have been computed for the simulated AE, showing displacements in the strike line of the order of ∼1 mm, above the expected resolution in the i-HIBP scintillator of ∼100 μm.This work received funding from the European Starting Grant (ERC) from project 3D-FIREFLUC and from the Spanish Ministry of Science under Grant No. FPU19/02267. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under grant agreement No 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission

Global Air Quality and COVID-19 Pandemic : Do We Breathe Cleaner Air?

The global spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has challenged most countries worldwide. It was quickly recognized that reduced activities (lockdowns) during the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic produced major changes in air quality. Our objective was to assess the impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns on groundlevel PM2.5, NO2, and O-3 concentrations on a global scale. We obtained data from 34 countries, 141 cities, and 458 air monitoring stations on 5 continents (few data from Africa). On a global average basis, a 34.0% reduction in NO2 concentration and a 15.0% reduction in PM2.5 were estimated during the strict lockdown period (until April 30, 2020). Global average O-3 concentration increased by 86.0% during this same period. Individual country and continent-wise comparisons have been made between lockdown and business-as-usual periods. Universally, NO2 was the pollutant most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. These effects were likely because its emissions were from sources that were typically restricted (i.e., surface traffic and non-essential industries) by the lockdowns and its short lifetime in the atmosphere. Our results indicate that lockdown measures and resulting reduced emissions reduced exposure to most harmful pollutants and could provide global-scale health benefits. However, the increased O-3 may have substantially reduced those benefits and more detailed health assessments are required to accurately quantify the health gains. At the same, these restrictions were obtained at substantial economic costs and with other health issues (depression, suicide, spousal abuse, drug overdoses, etc.). Thus, any similar reductions in air pollution would need to be obtained without these extensive economic and other consequences produced by the imposed activity reductions.Peer reviewe

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Informe de prácticas laborales para optar el grado de Ingeniería Industrial: Rediseño del programa de mantenimiento preventivo, predictivo y correctivo de viales y aridos del Llano S.A.S

Implementar una estrategia funcional del programa de mantenimiento, permitiendo la rápida solución, y garantizando la continuidad de los procesos de trituración.1. Introducción. ...................................................................................................................... 5 2. Justificación. ...................................................................................................................... 6 3. Reseña histórica................................................................................................................. 7 4. Plan estratégico del escenario. .......................................................................................... 8 4.1. Misión .......................................................................................................................... 8 4.2. Visión ......................................................................................................................... 8 4.3. Política de Precaución de consumo de alcohol, drogas y tabaco ................................... 8 4.4. Política integral HSEQ.................................................................................................... 9 4.5. Valores y principios Viales y Áridos del Meta S.A.S ................................................... 10 5. Descripción de funciones y procedimientos para desarrollar. (realización)...................... 11 6. Objetivos del Practicante. ................................................................................................ 12 6.1. Objetivo general ........................................................................................................... 12 6.2. Objetivos específicos. ................................................................................................... 13 7. Metas del practicante ...................................................................................................... 13 8. Cronograma de actividades realizadas en todo el proceso de practicas ........................... 14 9. Diagnóstico y problemáticas detectadas al iniciar la practica. .........................................15 10. Plan de mejoramiento .................................................................................................... 17 11. Aportes y sugerencias realizadas durante la practica...................................................... 20 12. Producto como resultado de los aportes que el practicante haya realizado en el mejoramiento de los procesos de acuerdo a la empresa......................................................... 22 12.1. Caracterización de maquinaria y equipos..................................................................... 23 12.2. Lista de chequeo e inspección diaria preoperacional.................................................... 24 12.3. Programa de mantenimiento........................................................................................ 27 12.4. Responsabilidades ...................................................................................................... 29 12.5. Proceso de diligenciamiento y control del formato de horas de trabajo................... 31 13. Evidencia de la Ejecución total del plan de prácticas en porcentaje ............................... 32 13.1. Acta de Entrega .......................................................................................................... 46 14. Normatividad Externa e interna que rige al escenario de practica ................................. 47 15. Evidencias de la ejecución total del plan de prácticas en porcentaje ...............................48 16. Certificado de Terminación de la practica expedida por el escenario de práctica. ..........50 17. Conclusiones .................................................................................................................. 51 18. Bibliografías. .................................................................................................................. 5

Approach to a valuation model of timber and non-timber trees, for their use value and not for their commercial value, in the framework of compensation of easement

Actualmente la valoración de las especies arbóreas maderables y no maderables se realiza en base a su valor comercial por pie tablar, es decir por el aprovechamiento comercial que se pueda hacer de la madera extraída de cada unidad, el valor está estrechamente ligado con las características propias, clasificando la madera en muy fina, fina, de primera, de segunda y ordinaria, pero que hay con los aportes, las características, los subproductos, los beneficios que pueda generar un árbol en pie. Sin duda la valoración comercial de un árbol es el camino más expedito para llegar a un valor y poder realizar una oferta, además es un método que puede ser fácilmente soportado y sustentado, ya que en casi todo el territorio nacional se registra comercio de madera en tabla, de parte del propietario del predio en ocasiones la tala es la posibilidad de convertir de forma inmediata el recurso maderable en dinero en efectivo, los problemas sobresalen cuando el propietario del predio y por ende de todos sus anexos como los árboles, encuentra que el beneficio entregado por el árbol va más allá del mero aprovechamiento forestalCurrently, the assessment of timber species and non-timber trees is based on their commercial value per board foot, that is, for the commercial use that can be made of the wood extracted from each unit, the value is closely linked with the characteristics of the wood, sorting the wood into very fine, fine, first, second and ordinary, but what about the contributions, the characteristics, the by-products, the benefits that a standing tree can generate. Undoubtedly, the commercial valuation of a tree is the quickest way to reach a value and be able to make an offer in the framework of servitude indemnity for projects considered to be of public utility, it is also a method that can be easily supported and sustained, since that in most of the national territory wood trade is recorded on board, on the part of the owner of the property, sometimes logging is the possibility of converting immediately the timber resource into cash, the problems stand out when the owner of the property and therefore of all its annexes such as trees, it finds that the benefit delivered by the tree goes beyond mere forestry us

Behavioral problems in a simple of asthmatic children

El asma bronquial es la enfermedad crónica más frecuente en la infancia, siendo muchas las investigaciones llevadas a cabo sobre aspectos psicológicos de ésta. Pero no todas las investigaciones han comparado los resultados obtenidos con grupos adecuados (de niños sanos y de niños con otras enfermedades crónicas), por lo que no es posible saber si las diferencias encontradas entre unos y otros niños, son debidas al asma en sí o al hecho de ser una enfermedad crónica. Estudiamos tres grupos de niños en los que evaluamos los problemas conductuales que presentaban según la opinión de uno de sus padres o de su profesor. El análisis estadístico de los resultados arrojó diferencias estadísticamente significativas.Bronchial asthma is the commonest chronic illness in childhood and many investigations have been made about its psychological aspects. But not every investigations have compared the results obtained with adequate control groups, so it is not possible to know if the differences between them are caused by the asthma itself, or because of being a chronic illness. We studied and assessed three groups of children with respect to behavioral problems (the parents and teachers’ opinion). Statistical analysis of the results showed statistically differences